“The assembled evidence indicates that red and near-infrared photobiomodulation devices—whether coherent lasers or non-coherent LEDs—operate safely and effectively when used within established irradiance and dosing windows. There is no credible indication that typical therapeutic regimens exceed the Arndt-Schulz ‘bio-inhibition’ threshold, and LEDs sufficiently address large-area surface treatments while lasers remain preferable for targeted deep-tissue penetration. The hypothesized transcranial modulation of formaldehyde-dehydrogenase by 630 nm light and the concept of transient adipocyte pore formation for fat release remain mechanistically plausible but require dedicated clinical validation. ANSI/JAMA ocular exposure limits are not exceeded by current at-home or professional panels. Overall, the risk posture is low under current operational parameters.”